Name: Ester Mayer H
Class: 5 B
1588203051

  

What is Sociolinguistics?  

     Sociolinguistics is branch of Linguistics the way language is used in society. Another approach to language and society focuses on the situations and uses of language as an activity. And also Sociolinguists are interested in how we speak differently in varying social contexts, and how we may also use specific functions of language to deliver social meaning or aspects of our identity.

Why do we learn Sociolinguistics?

     When we study languages, we often focus on the language itself. The grammar, the vocabulary, the pronunciation, and so on. Sociolinguistics, however, give you the chance to look at the context within which the language is spoken rather than the mechanics of the language itself or the simple reason why we should learn Sociolinguistic is whether you traveled or not its clear for us to understand what people speak in different way of the country.

What is the relation between language and society?

      We know that language is a tool for interact with other human. So language can't separated with human. Through language we can related and interact with other human and created communicative in the community.

Please mention and explain  the branches of linguistics ?

Branches of Linguistics

1.      General linguistic generally describes the concepts and categories of a particular language or among all language. It also provides analyzed theory of the language. Descriptive linguistic describes or gives the data to confirm or refute the theory of particular language explained generally.

2.      Micro linguistic is narrower view. It is concerned internal view of language itself (structure of language systems) without related to other sciences and without related how to apply it in daily life. Some fields of micro linguistic:

a.       Phonetics, the study of the physical properties of sounds of human language.

b.      Phonology, the study of sounds as discrete, abstract elements in the speaker's mind that distinguish meaning

c.       Morphology, the study of internal structures of words and how they can be modified

d.      Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences.

e.       Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences.

f.        Pragmatics, the study of how utterances are used (literally, figuratively, or otherwise) in communicative acts.

g.      Discourse analysis, the analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or signed).

h.       Applied linguistic is the branch of linguistic that is most concerned with application of the concepts in everyday life, including language-teaching.

3.      Macro linguistic is broadest view of language. It is concerned external view of language itself with related to other sciences and how to apply it in daily life. Some fields of micro linguistic:

a.       Stylistics, the study of linguistic factors that place a discourse in context.

b.      Developmental linguistics, the study of the development of linguistic ability in an individual, particularly the acquisition of language in childhood.

c.       Historical linguistics or Diachronic linguistics, the study of language change.

d.      Language geography, the study of the spatial patterns of languages.

e.       Evolutionary linguistics, the study of the origin and subsequent development of language.

f.       Psycholinguistics, the study of the cognitive processes and representations underlying language use.

g.      Sociolinguistics, the study of social patterns and norms of linguistic variability.

h.      Clinical linguistics, the application of linguistic theory to the area of Speech-Language Pathology.

i.        Neurolinguistics, the study of the brain networks that underlie grammar and communication.

j.        Biolinguistics, the study of natural as well as human-taught communication systems in animals compared to human language.

k.      Computational linguistics, the study of computational implementations of linguistic structures.

What is the standard language? Giving an example!

            Standard English is a controversial term for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users. Abbreviation: SE. Also known as Standard Written English (SWE).
According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), the term Standard English "resists easy definition but is used as if most educated people nonetheless know precisely what it refers to."

Elaborating the language ,dialect and accent, please!

Language is the method of human communication either spoken or written or the tools of communication. Language has a varieties, language variety refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors. Language may changes from region to region.          

Dialect is a variety of language differing in vocabulary and grammar as well as pronunciation.

Varieties is a specific set of linguistic or language items of human speech patterns.

Giving an example of formal language and informal language!
            Formal: Good morning, Mr. President. We appreciate your visit.
            Informal: What's up? It's awesome that you came to visit!

What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in?

                Sociolinguists are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts. They are concerned with the way people signal aspects of their social identity through language. Sociolinguists study the effect of social factors such as social distance, social status, age, gender and class on language varieties (dialects, registers, genres, etc). Sociolinguists are also concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning.

When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?

They are use Lingua Franca, is a language used for communication between different language users, for people whose first languages differ, such as pidgin between European colonizers and Afrizan slaves.

Why do people switch and mix a language?

This happens to me all the time, and I think it’s because we can only “think” in so many languages at once. It takes me over a day to switch my second-language and also it's because certain words in one particular language can express myself better and sometimes it’s fun.

Giving an example of code switching and code mixing!
            Code mixing   :           Besok kita bikin surprise yuk buat dia!
                                                Yahh, I’m so sorry, gabisa nih. After lunch aja gimana?
            Code switching:          Ester: Watashi no namae wa Ester desu.
                                                Chica: My name is Chica.
                                                Ester: Nan sai desu ka?
                                                Chica: I’m 20 yo